Space telegraphy.



PATENTED OCT. 24, 1905.

J. STONE. SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

.AIPLIGATION FILED JUNE 29, 1905.

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PATENTED OCT. 24, 1905.

J. S. STONE.

SPACE TELBGRAPHY.

' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 29,1905.

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WVILLIAM W STVAN, TRUSTEE,

OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPACE TIELIEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 24, 1905.

Original application filed June 20, 1905, Serial No. 266,159. Divided and this application filed June 29, 1905. Serial No. 267,483.

To all whom it natty concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN S'roNin STONE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cambridge, in the county of MiddleseX and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Space Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of transmitting intelligence from one station to another by means of electromagnetic waves without the use of Wires to guide the waves to their destination; and it relates more particularly to the system of such transmission in which the electromagnetic waves are developed by producing electric vibrations or oscillations in an elevated conductor, preferably vertically elevated.

The object of the present invention is to increase the amount of energy that may be radiated in the form of simple harmonic electromagnetic waves by means of the systems of the type described in my U. S. LettersPatent Nos. 714,756 and 71 L832, dated Dec. 2, 1902, and 767,981, dated Aug. 16, 1904:, in each of which a sonorous or closed persistently oscillating circuit is associated with an elevated transmitting conductor system which is attuned as to its fundamental or one of its odd harmonics to the frequency of the forced simple harmonic electrical oscillations developed therein by said sonorous circuit; and this object I eflect by employing a plurality of sonorous or persistently oscillating circuits which are preferably identical, and, in the manner hereinafter more fully described, simultaneously disturbing the electrical equilibrium of said circuits.

The invention may best be understood by having reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification, and which conventionally illustrate two arrangements of apparatus and circuits whereby the hereinbefore stated object of the invention may be realized.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 represents a space telegraph transmitting system which structurally is of the general type described in my Letters Patent No. 71t,756.

Fig. 2 represents a space telegraph transmitting system which structurally is of the general type described in my Letters Patent Nos. 714,832 and 7 67 ,984.

by making the ratio small compared to unity, where M12 represents the mutual ind uctance between the two inductively related circuits, and L1 and L2 represent, respectively, the total self inductance of the two circuits, as more fully explained in my Letters Patent above referred to.

In the figures,

V is an elevated transmitting conductor.

E is an earth connection.

M1 M M M are transformers.

G G C are condensers.

L L L are auxiliary inductance coils.

L L L are the primaries and L lg lg are the secondaries of the transformers M M M respectively.

A is an alternating current generator or other suitable source of vibratory current.

.5 is a spark gap.

Ir: is a key.

In Fig. l the circuits s (J L L, s U L L and s O L" L are sonorous circuits preferably having identical electromagnetic constants and therefore adapted to develop electrical oscillations of the same definite frequency when the electrical equilibrium of the circuits is disturbed by any suitable means, which means is herein shown as the spark gap 8, common to the three circuits and hence adapted to simultaneously disturb the electrical equilibrium thereof. By means of the auxiliary inductance coils L L L which are designed according to the specifications contained in my hereinbefore mentioned Letters Patent, each sonorous circuit is rendered the equivalent of a circuit having a single degree of freedom, so that its natural oscillatory restoration to electrical equilibrium is simple harmonic in character and therefore the oscillations created in the elevated transmitting conductor are forced simple harmonic oscillations, equal in frequency to that of the natural simple harmonic oscillations developed in the sonorous circuit and independent of the geometrical or electrical constants of the elevated conductor system, the elevated conductor r-z'w being attuned as to its fundamental or as to one of its odd harmonics to the 'frerpiency of the forced simple harmonic electrical oscillatioi'is developed therein, as pointed out in my Letters Patent Nos. 71%,756 and 761,975.

In Fig. 1 each sonorous circuit includes a primary ll of one of the transformers fill whose secondaries is are connected in parallel, and

the elevated conductor is serially connected ,with said secondaries.

It will be obvious that b the svstem shown c ters Patent hos. 41 L832 and 761,98.

other words, such spatial interrelation of the in Fig. l the potential energy of tl a system of sonorous circuits is equal to the sum of the potential energies of the three circuits comprising such system and is, therefore, three times greater than that of a single one of said circuits or, in general, if a identical sonorous circuits are connected with a common spark gap the energy drawn from the prime source of energy and discharged across said gap will, aezfcris pardon-s, be a times greater than could be drawn from said prime source and discharged across said gap by a single one of said circuits, while the frequency of the oscillations developed by said circuits will remain unchanged. The electrical energy absorbed by the elevated conductor system and the energy radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves by said system will therefore be proportional to the number of identical sonorous circuits employed, while the frequency of the oscillations developed in the elevated conductor system and of the radiated waves will be independent of the number of such circuits.

The potential energy of a single sonorous circuit including a spark gap, a condenser and the primary of a transformer, such as shown in Fig. 1, may be increased 1/ times by employing a identical condensers connected in parallel and n identical transformer primary coils connected in parallel without altering the natural period of the circuit, provided that the coils so connected in parallel have no mutual inductance, so that their resultant inductance will-be 1 -n. of that of a single coil; but this increase in energy will be obtained at the expense of the persistence of the sonorous circuit which, as l have shown in a paper read In Fig. 2 I show another arrangement for realizing the object of the present invention, namely, increasing the potential energy of the sonorous circuit system n times by emsoaasi ploying 11 identical sonorous circuits without decreasing the persistence or altering the frequency and simple harmonic character of the oscillations developed. in Fig. 2 the coils of the transformi-n's M M. M are so spatially interrelated as to render the mutual energy of each circuit of the system with respect to the other circuits of the system small compared to the self energy of said :ircuit and, there fore, to render each sonorous circuit the equivalent of a circuit having a single degree of frecdonii as more fully described in my Lettransformer coils enables the primary of each transformer to perform the functions of the auxiliary coils L of Fig. 1, as well as its function of impressing the oscillations of the sonorous circuit upon the elevated conductor.

The condenser C is a condenser having capacity very large compared to the capacity of each of the condensers C U C and its function is to increase the persistency of the oscillations developed in each sonorous circuit without altering the frequency of such oscillations as more fully set forth in my Letters Patent No. 767,975.

it is to be observed that the system shown in Fig. 2 is identical with that of Fig. 1, eX- cept that the secondaries of the transformers M M M are so spatially related to their respective primaries as to render each sonorous circuit the equivalent of a system having a single degree of freedom. This spatial relation is, for the purpose of convenience of illustration, shown as a transverse separation of each secondary coil 12 from its primary coil 11 although in practice 1 generally place it above or below such primary, in which positions it will be so spatially related thereto, or in such loose inductive relation therewith, as to constitute with its primary a transformer having suflicient magnetic leakage to render the mutual eiiergy of each of the interrelated circuits small compared with the self energy of each circuit, and thereby to reduce the complex of inductively related circuits to the erpiivalent of a system of circuits each having a single degree of freedom.

\Vhcn the secondary l: is so related with its primary, the latter will be enabled to perform the functions of the auxiliary coils L of Fig. 1, as pointed out in my Letters Patent No. 71%,832, because in such case the mutual energy between the prin'iary and secondary circuits is relatively small compared to the self encry of each circuit, the magnetic leakage of such transformer being relatively large and, therefore, the ratio L being relatively small compared to unity. This mode of renshown in Fig. l, and l have broadly defined such loosely coupled system in which the transformer windings are so arranged as one in which the transformer has suliicient magnetic leakage, or has its windings so spatially interrelated, as to reduce the complex of interrelated circuits to the equivalent of the system of circuits each having a single degree of freedom, or to render the sonorous circuit the equivalent of a circuit having a single degrce of freedom.

I make no claim in the present application to an apparatus whereby the method hereinafter claimed may be carried into effect as such apparatus forms the subject matter of my application Serial No. 266,159, filed June 20, 1905, of which this application is a division.

I claim I. As an improvement in the art of developing simple harmonic electromagnetic signal waves, the method herein described of increasing the energy of radiation of such waves without decreasing their persistence, which consists in simultaneously disturbing the electrical equilibrium of a plurality of sonorous circuits and converting the energy of the simple harmonic electrical oscillations resulting in all of said sonorous circuits into electroradiant energy.

2. As an improvement in the art of developing electromagnetic signal waves, the method herein described of increasing the energy of radiation of such waves Without decreasing their persistence, Which consists in simultaneously disturbing the electrical equilibrium of a plurality of sonorous circuits and converting the energy of the electrical oscillations resulting in all of said sonorous circuits into electro-radiant energy.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subcribed my name this 16th day of June, 1905.

JOHN STONE STONE.

Witnesses:

BRAINIJRD T. JUDKINS, GEORGIA A. Hreoms. 

